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您應(yīng)該了解有關(guān)分模工具和分模操作的知識(shí)

分型是將刀片之類的工具直接插入到工件中，并切下一定長度的工件。通常用于從卡盤的桿上移出工件的精加工端。其他用途包括切割螺栓的頭部。

商業(yè)分割工具

There are many kinds of commercial parting tools provided by tool suppliers, but most of them are too large to be used on 7×10.

This is problematic because the top of the parting tool must be centered. The 7×10 interest group described many attempts (including my own), including grinding, turning, and grinding, to remove 1 / 16 “from the bottom of the carriage, but with little success. The tool holder is quite hard metal.

Even so, the gadget is tempting, because grinding a separation tool from a tool blank is painful – because so much metal has to be ground off – and the separation tool becomes dull and brittle. This tool and similar large tools use preformed tools. If you break the end, you just need to grind a new tip and continue. I haven’t done that yet, but the best solution is to use the high frequency 5 / 16 “parting tool, which may just make a custom tool holder of the right height.

This is another 1 / 2 “business separation tool. I plan to customize a knife rest for it one day.

裁縫地面分離工具

磨削自己的分離工具并不是很困難，但是要花費(fèi)很長時(shí)間，并且會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量金屬和磨屑，因?yàn)槟仨殢拿髦幸谱呦鄬Υ罅康慕饘?。這是一些家用地面工具的典型圖片。請注意，該工具從頂部到底部逐漸變細(xì)（就像一個(gè)狹窄的梯形），從前面到后面逐漸變細(xì)，為切割頭提供了安全性。刀具的頂部被磨掉了千分之幾英寸，以使刀具的頂部邊緣與車床中心線對齊。如果您的刀架的工具高度可調(diào)，則不必這樣做。在工具邊緣附近形成分型刀片可使工具在卡盤鉗口附近工作。

夾緊工件

Separation always takes place close to the chuck jaws – no more than 1 / 2 “, preferably no more than 1 / 4”. Parting cutting exerts great tangential force on the workpiece. If the cutting is too far away from the chuck claw, the workpiece may be extruded from the chuck.

調(diào)整刀頭

For parting cutting, the top of the tool should be exactly on the center line of the lathe, or no more than 0.005 “of the center line. If the tool is a little higher, it will tend to “climb” the workpiece; if it is a little lower, it will tend to dig in. The tip of the tool should be completely perpendicular to the workpiece.

速度和進(jìn)給

確保絲杠 處于中間位置，因此絲杠不會(huì)移動(dòng)?，F(xiàn)在，將半螺母鎖定在接合位置，以防止刀架在切割過程中移動(dòng)。分型切割應(yīng)低速進(jìn)行；例如200-300 RPM甚至更慢。

切入

使工具的尖端剛好超出工件表面，然后打開車床。緩慢推進(jìn)橫向滑動(dòng)曲柄，直到工具開始切入金屬。繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，直到穩(wěn)定的切屑從工件上卷曲下來，然后嘗試保持該切削速度。

It’s a good idea to use cutting oil for a parting cut and you will find that the heat generated will most likely cause a fair amount of smoke as the cutting oil burns off. Avoid breathing this smoke cause I’m sure it’s not good for your lungs, although no proof says it has bad effect . A small fan to disperse it may be a good addition to your workbench.Chatter

Parting often causes ‘chatter’. If you have never heard this sound, you will easily recognize it when you first do. It is a pulsing, whining vibration that can shake the whole lathe and even cause it to move around on the workbench if is not bolted down. You can stop chatter quickly by backing off the pressure on the tool. The trick is to find the right speed at which to advance the tool with minimal chatter.

這里有一些技巧可以最大程度地減少chat不休：

• 工具提示應(yīng)該非常鋒利
• 工具頂部應(yīng)在車床中心線上
• 工具應(yīng)垂直于工件
• 交叉滑動(dòng)和復(fù)合物上的吊臂應(yīng)該緊貼
• 馬鞍應(yīng)該緊貼方式
• 使用馬車鎖將馬鞍鎖定到方式
• 使用切削液
• 保持橫移穩(wěn)定前進(jìn)

完成分型切割

繼續(xù)前進(jìn)直至其到達(dá)工件中心。靠近時(shí)，工件會(huì)被一根細(xì)細(xì)的金屬桿懸掛。 

注意：如果工件從卡盤伸出的直徑超過其直徑的幾倍，則工件的末端可能會(huì)開始以危險(xiǎn)的弧度擺動(dòng)。當(dāng)您靠近中心時(shí)，可能需要放慢卡盤速度以確保物品安全。如果您發(fā)現(xiàn)工件開始擺動(dòng)，請停止車床并用手來回移動(dòng)工件以使其脫離。

切下的工件末端通常會(huì)具有相當(dāng)粗糙的光潔度，并且從末端會(huì)突出一些金屬桿。

One limitation of parting tools is the diameter of the work that can be parted. The tool illustrated here is a little under 3/8″ long and can part off work up to 3/4″ in diameter. In the previous picture you can see that the edge of the work is rounded because it was rubbing up against the shoulder of the cutting tool. If you make the tip of the tool much longer than about 1/2″ it starts to get too limber and will easily break off. So on a small lathe like this, the largest diameter work that you can part off is probably around 1″.  To cut off bigger work, you can use a small hacksaw while turning the work at low speed in the lathe.  Even better, if you have a metal-cutting bandsaw, use it to cut off the work.  I nearly always use the bandsaw for work larger than 1/2″ diameter.

最后一步，將其安裝在卡盤上并進(jìn)行切面處理以清理末端。該步驟的一個(gè)問題是卡盤鉗口會(huì)損壞成品工件。如果仔細(xì)查看下一張圖片，您實(shí)際上可以看到卡盤鉗口的印記。為避免這種情況，您可以在夾緊工件之前，先將其包裹在薄紙條或類似的保護(hù)材料中。