{"id":21224,"date":"2022-07-04T09:49:47","date_gmt":"2022-07-04T01:49:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/?p=21224"},"modified":"2022-07-04T09:49:51","modified_gmt":"2022-07-04T01:49:51","slug":"how-much-does-machining-allowance-affect-machining-accuracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/isleme-odenegi-isleme-dogrulugu-ne-kadar-etkiler\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015fleme pay\u0131 i\u015fleme do\u011frulu\u011funu ne kadar etkiler?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130\u015flenmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kalite gereksinimlerinin s\u00fcrekli iyile\u015ftirilmesiyle, insanlar \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesini iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntem ve \u00f6nlemleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7ok fazla zaman ve enerji harcad\u0131lar, ancak i\u015fleme s\u00fcrecinde i\u015fleme pay\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesi \u00fczerindeki etkisini g\u00f6rmezden geldiler ve Sadece i\u015fleme s\u00fcrecinde izin verilmesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesi \u00fczerinde fazla bir etkisi olmayaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yorum. Mekanik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin fiili i\u015fleme s\u00fcrecinde, par\u00e7alar\u0131n i\u015fleme pay\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesini do\u011frudan etkiledi\u011fi bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>

\u0130\u015fleme pay\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse, \u00f6nceki i\u015flemde kalan form ve konum hatalar\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00fczey kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak zordur; \u00d6denek \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckse, sadece i\u015flemenin i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmakla kalmayacak, ayn\u0131 zamanda malzeme, alet ve enerji t\u00fcketimini de art\u0131racakt\u0131r. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi, i\u015fleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda i\u015fleme pay\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesiyle olu\u015fan \u0131s\u0131, par\u00e7alar\u0131 deforme edecek, par\u00e7alar\u0131n i\u015fleme zorlu\u011funu art\u0131racak ve \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesini etkileyecektir. Bu nedenle, par\u00e7alar\u0131n i\u015fleme pay\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kontrol etmek gerekir.<\/p>

1. \u0130\u015fleme pay\u0131 kavram\u0131<\/h2>

\u0130\u015fleme pay\u0131, i\u015fleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015flenmi\u015f y\u00fczeyden kesilen metal tabakan\u0131n kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. <\/p>

\u0130\u015fleme pay\u0131, s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u015fleme pay\u0131 ve toplam i\u015fleme pay\u0131 olarak ayr\u0131labilir. \u0130\u015flem i\u015fleme pay\u0131, i\u015flemden \u00f6nceki ve sonraki biti\u015fik i\u015flemlerin boyutlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farka ba\u011fl\u0131 olan bir i\u015flemdeki bir y\u00fczey taraf\u0131ndan kesilen metal tabakan\u0131n kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Toplam i\u015fleme pay\u0131, par\u00e7an\u0131n ham par\u00e7adan bitmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcne kadar t\u00fcm i\u015fleme s\u00fcreci s\u0131ras\u0131nda belirli bir y\u00fczeyden kald\u0131r\u0131lan metal tabakan\u0131n toplam kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yani ayn\u0131 y\u00fczeydeki bo\u015fluk boyutu ile par\u00e7a boyutu aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 ifade eder. Toplam i\u015fleme pay\u0131, her bir i\u015flemin i\u015fleme pay\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131na e\u015fittir. Bir \u00e7izimdeki i\u015fleme pay\u0131, \u015eekil 1'de g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>

\u015eekil 1'de minimum i\u015fleme pay\u0131, \u00f6nceki i\u015flemin minimum i\u015flem boyutu ile bu i\u015flemin maksimum i\u015flem boyutu aras\u0131ndaki farkt\u0131r. Maksimum i\u015fleme pay\u0131, \u00f6nceki i\u015flemin maksimum i\u015flem boyutu ile bu i\u015flemin minimum i\u015flem boyutu aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>

Proses i\u015fleme pay\u0131n\u0131n varyasyon aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 (maksimum i\u015fleme miktar\u0131 ile minimum i\u015fleme pay\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark), \u00f6nceki prosesin boyut toleranslar\u0131n\u0131n ve mevcut prosesin toplam\u0131na e\u015fittir. Proses boyutunun tolerans b\u00f6lgesi genellikle par\u00e7alar\u0131n giri\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcnde belirtilir. \u015eaft par\u00e7alar\u0131 i\u00e7in temel boyut maksimum i\u015flem boyutudur, delikler i\u00e7in ise minimum i\u015flem boyutudur.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

2\u0130\u015fleme pay\u0131 i\u015fleme do\u011frulu\u011funu nas\u0131l etkiler?<\/h2>
\"\"<\/figure>

2.1 i\u015fleme pay\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funda<\/h3>

Par\u00e7alar i\u015fleme s\u00fcrecinde kesme \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretmelidir. Bu kesme \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 demir tala\u015flar\u0131 ve kesme s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131n\u0131r, k\u0131s\u0131m tak\u0131ma aktar\u0131l\u0131r ve k\u0131s\u0131m i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131na aktar\u0131l\u0131r, bu da par\u00e7alar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k, i\u015fleme pay\u0131 ile yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir. B\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fleme pay\u0131 ile, kaba i\u015fleme s\u00fcresi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak artacak ve kesme miktar\u0131 da uygun \u015fekilde artacak, bu da kesme \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve par\u00e7alar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli artmas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. Par\u00e7alar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu en b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar, \u00f6zellikle s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimlerine duyarl\u0131 malzemelerde (paslanmaz \u00e7elik gibi) par\u00e7alar\u0131n deforme olmas\u0131d\u0131r ve bu termal deformasyon t\u00fcm i\u015fleme s\u00fcreci boyunca ilerler, i\u015fleme zorlu\u011funu artt\u0131r\u0131r ve par\u00e7ay\u0131 etkiler. \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesi.<\/p>

\u00d6rne\u011fin, vida \u00e7ubuklar\u0131 gibi ince \u015faft par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flerken, bire bir i\u015fleme y\u00f6ntemi nedeniyle uzunluk y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki serbestlik derecesi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu s\u0131rada, i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksekse, termal genle\u015fme meydana gelir. Uzunluk y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki uzama engellendi\u011finde, i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak stresin etkisi alt\u0131nda b\u00fck\u00fclme deformasyonu \u00fcretecek ve bu da sonraki i\u015flemlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun yaratacakt\u0131r. Is\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fck\u00fclme deformasyon diyagram\u0131 \u015eekil 2'de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u0131rada i\u015flemeye devam ederseniz, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yapan par\u00e7ay\u0131 bitmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcne kadar i\u015fleyin. Normal s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa so\u011fuduktan sonra, par\u00e7a stres etkisi alt\u0131nda ters deformasyon \u00fcretecek, form ve konum hatalar\u0131na neden olacak ve kaliteyi etkileyecektir. Normal s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan sonra i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n e\u011filme deformasyon diyagram\u0131 \u015eekil 3'te g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ap y\u00f6n\u00fcnde geni\u015flemeden sonra, artan par\u00e7a kesilecek ve i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131 so\u011futulduktan sonra silindiriklik ve boyutsal hata olu\u015facakt\u0131r. Hassas viday\u0131 ta\u015flarken, i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n termal deformasyonu da hatve hatas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>

2.2 \u0130\u015fleme pay\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse ne olur?<\/h3>

The machining allowance of parts should not be too large but also too small. If the machining allowance is too small, the residual geometric tolerances and surface defects in the previous process cannot be eliminated, thus affecting the product quality. In order to ensure the machining quality of parts, the minimum machining allowance left in each process shall meet the basic requirements of the minimum machining allowance in the previous process. The schematic diagram of the constituent factors of the minimum machining allowance of the inner hole of a part is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4a) shows the parts of the inner hole to be machined. If the axis o1-o1 deviates from the reference axis O-O with position error n when the hole is processed in the previous process, and the cylindricity error P (such as taper, ellipse, etc.) and surface roughness error H (as shown in Figure 4b) exist in the inner hole, in order to eliminate the geometric tolerance before boring, the minimum machining allowance on one side of the boring process should include the values of the above errors and defects. Considering the inevitable installation error of the workpiece during boring in this process, that is, the error E (as shown in Figure 4C) between the original hole axis O-O and the rotation axis O ‘- o’ after workpiece installation, and the dimensional tolerance T during boring in this process, the minimum machining allowance Z of this process can be expressed by the following formula:<\/p>

Z\u2265t\/2+h+p+n+e (yan pay)<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

\u015eekil 4, minimum i\u015fleme pay\u0131 bile\u015fenlerinin diyagram\u0131<\/p>

Farkl\u0131 par\u00e7alar ve farkl\u0131 i\u015flemler i\u00e7in yukar\u0131daki hatalar\u0131n de\u011ferleri ve bi\u00e7imleri de farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Proses i\u015fleme pay\u0131 belirlenirken, farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ince \u015faft\u0131n b\u00fck\u00fclmesi ve deforme edilmesi kolayd\u0131r ve baran\u0131n do\u011frusal hatas\u0131, \u00e7ap boyutunun tolerans aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131 ve i\u015flem i\u015fleme pay\u0131 uygun \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilmelidir; \u0130\u015fleme y\u00fczeyinin kendisini konumland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in y\u00fczer rayba ve di\u011fer ara\u00e7larla i\u015fleme i\u015flemi i\u00e7in, kurulum hatas\u0131 E'nin etkisi g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilebilir ve i\u015flem i\u015fleme pay\u0131 buna g\u00f6re azalt\u0131labilir; Esas olarak y\u00fczey p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc azaltmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan baz\u0131 fini\u015f i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in, i\u015flem i\u015fleme pay\u0131n\u0131n boyutu yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczey p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc H ile ilgilidir.<\/p>

<\/p>

3. Par\u00e7alar i\u00e7in i\u015fleme pay\u0131 se\u00e7me ilkeleri<\/h2>

Par\u00e7alar\u0131n i\u015fleme pay\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imi, \u00f6zel duruma g\u00f6re belirlenmesi gereken par\u00e7alar\u0131n malzemesi, boyutu, do\u011fruluk derecesi ve i\u015fleme y\u00f6ntemi ile b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ili\u015fkiye sahiptir. Par\u00e7alar\u0131n i\u015fleme pay\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ilkelere uyulmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>

(1) \u0130\u015fleme s\u00fcresini k\u0131saltmak ve par\u00e7alar\u0131n i\u015fleme maliyetini azaltmak i\u00e7in minimum i\u015fleme pay\u0131 kabul edilecektir.<\/p>

(2) \u00d6zellikle son i\u015flem i\u00e7in yeterli i\u015fleme pay\u0131 ayr\u0131lacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fleme pay\u0131, \u00e7izimde belirtilen do\u011frulu\u011fu ve y\u00fczey p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>

(3) \u0130\u015fleme pay\u0131 belirlenirken, par\u00e7alar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131l i\u015fleminden kaynaklanan deformasyon dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r, aksi takdirde hurda olu\u015fabilir.<\/p>

(4) \u0130\u015fleme pay\u0131 belirlenirken, i\u015fleme y\u00f6ntemi ve ekipman\u0131 ile i\u015fleme s\u00fcrecindeki olas\u0131 deformasyonlar dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

(5) \u0130\u015fleme pay\u0131 belirlenirken i\u015flenen par\u00e7alar\u0131n boyutu dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r. Par\u00e7a ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olursa, i\u015fleme pay\u0131 o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc par\u00e7an\u0131n boyutu artt\u0131k\u00e7a kesme kuvveti ve i\u00e7 gerilimden kaynaklanan deformasyon olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da artacakt\u0131r.<\/p>

<\/p>

4. Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>

Ger\u00e7ek \u00fcretimde, bir\u00e7ok par\u00e7an\u0131n \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleri ge\u00e7ici olarak belirlenir, \u00f6rne\u011fin: santrif\u00fcj d\u00f6k\u00fcm paslanmaz \u00e7elik man\u015fon haddelenir ve \u00e7elik levha ile kaynaklan\u0131r; So\u011futucu u\u00e7 kapa\u011f\u0131, motor kaidesi ve di\u015fli kutusu z\u0131mpara par\u00e7alar\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 par\u00e7alar vb. ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. Bu par\u00e7alar\u0131n \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde bir\u00e7ok belirsiz fakt\u00f6r vard\u0131r ve \u015fekil hatas\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek zordur. Bu nedenle, bu par\u00e7alar\u0131n i\u015fleme tolerans\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in bu yaz\u0131da tan\u0131t\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6ntem, bu par\u00e7alar\u0131n i\u015fleme pay\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir ve yaln\u0131zca ger\u00e7ek \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde esnek bir \u015fekilde uzmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>

<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

With the continuous improvement of the quality requirements of machined products, people have invested a lot of time and energy in exploring methods and measures to improve product quality, but they have ignored the impact of machining allowance on product quality in the process of machining, and believe that only having allowance in the process…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21216,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cutting-tools-weekly"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/t012097212338d9bef1.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21224"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21224\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21224"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21224"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}