{"id":18368,"date":"2019-12-14T02:17:37","date_gmt":"2019-12-14T02:17:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/?p=13865"},"modified":"2020-05-07T01:11:17","modified_gmt":"2020-05-07T01:11:17","slug":"what-is-low-alloy-structural-steel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/dusuk-alasimli-yapisal-celik-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131sal \u00e7elik nedir"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131sal \u00e7elik, toplam ala\u015f\u0131m bile\u015fimi 5%'den az olan ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131sal \u00e7eli\u011fi ifade eder. Bu t\u00fcr \u00e7eli\u011fin karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu \u00e7eli\u011fin karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fine benzer ve esas olarak dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kaynaklanabilirli\u011fi art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in az miktarda ala\u015f\u0131m elementleri ile g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilir. G\u00fcc\u00fc ayn\u0131 karbon \u00e7eli\u011finden \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksektir. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kaplarda, kimyasal ekipmanlarda, kazanlarda, k\u00f6pr\u00fclerde, ta\u015f\u0131tlarda, gemilerde ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7elik yap\u0131larda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Manganez, silikon ve molibden gibi ala\u015f\u0131m elementleri \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesine neden olur. Vanadyum ve niyobyum tah\u0131llar\u0131 rafine edebilir ve toklu\u011fu art\u0131rabilir. Molibden sertle\u015febilirli\u011fi, bainit yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve termal mukavemeti art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

Marka ve temsili<\/h2>

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131sal \u00e7elik dereceleri ve ifadeleri: \u00c7in'de be\u015f dereceli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131sal \u00e7elik vard\u0131r ve ana elementler manganez, silikon, vanadyum, titanyum, keskin, krom, nikel ve nadir toprak elementleridir. Ticari markas\u0131 akma noktas\u0131 Q harfi, akma noktas\u0131 de\u011feri ve kalite derecesinden (A, B, C, D, e) olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde ifade edilen be\u015f dereceye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: akma noktas\u0131 derecesi - kalite derecesi. Akma noktas\u0131 derecesi: q295, Q345, Q390, Q420, Q460.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

performans gereksinimi<\/h2>

1. \u0130yi kapsaml\u0131 mekanik \u00f6zellikler. S\u0131radan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131sal \u00e7elik ilk ba\u015fta y\u00fcksek verim s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na sahip olmal\u0131, ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle, iyi kapsaml\u0131 mekanik \u00f6zelliklere de sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kullan\u0131mdaki \u00e7e\u015fitli gerilmelerin etkilerini ta\u015f\u0131yabilir (s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 stresi, alternatif yorgunluk y\u00fck\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen gerilme, vb.) Ve kesme, so\u011fuk b\u00fckme, kaynak vb. Gibi i\u015flem prosed\u00fcrlerine dayanabilir. \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bunlardan \u00fcretilebilecek ya\u015flanma k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>

2. \u0130yi s\u00fcre\u00e7 performans\u0131. S\u0131radan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7eli\u011fin iyi i\u015fleme ve \u015fekillendirme performans\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 ve kaliteli, bitmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnler \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kesme, damgalama, s\u0131cak b\u00fckme ve kaynak gibi yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntemleri kullanmas\u0131 gerekir. Kazan, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kap, \u00e7elik yap\u0131 vb.I\u00e7in kaynak y\u00f6ntemi genellikle benimsenir, bu nedenle \u00e7elik iyi alev kesme performans\u0131na ve kaynak performans\u0131na sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r, kaynak derzinin yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki \u0131s\u0131dan etkilenen b\u00f6lgenin performans de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr, kaynak eklemi ve biti\u015fik alan \u00e7atlak \u00fcretmeyecek ve kaynakl\u0131 eklemin kapsaml\u0131 mekanik performans\u0131 ana metalden daha az (veya nadiren daha az) olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00e7eli\u011fin iyi so\u011fuk damgalama performans\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>

3. \u0130yi korozyon direnci. S\u0131radan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik ve mukavemeti karbon \u00e7eli\u011finden \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fundan ve bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kap ve bunlardan yap\u0131lan \u00e7elik yap\u0131n\u0131n duvar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 karbon \u00e7eli\u011finden \u00e7ok daha az oldu\u011fundan, atmosferik korozyonun (\u00f6zellikle deniz atmosferik korozyonu) neden oldu\u011fu kay\u0131p oran\u0131 buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak artt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece \u00e7e\u015fitli atmosfer ko\u015fullar\u0131nda korozyona kar\u015f\u0131 iyi bir diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterebilir. Bu nedenle, \u00e7eli\u011fin korozyon direnci testi sadece laboratuvarda de\u011fil, sahada da yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tabii ki, karbon \u00e7eli\u011fi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik ve di\u011fer malzemeler i\u00e7in uygun harici korozyon \u00f6nleyici teknolojiyi benimsemek gerekir.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

Ala\u015f\u0131m elementlerinin rol\u00fc<\/h2>

Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kaplarda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan yayg\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik \u00e7o\u011funlukla ferrit perlit yap\u0131d\u0131r. Nihai \u00f6zellikler s\u0131cak haddeleme veya normalle\u015ftirme ile elde edilir ve yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eli\u011fin denge yap\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilir. \u00c7elikteki ana ala\u015f\u0131m eleman\u0131 karbondur. Karbon i\u00e7eri\u011finin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 perlit miktar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir ve akma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 ve mukavemet s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Bununla birlikte, karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in belirli bir s\u0131n\u0131r vard\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc karbon i\u00e7eri\u011finin artmas\u0131, \u00e7eli\u011fin kaynak performans\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7eli\u011fin di\u011fer \u00f6zelliklerini (damgalama performans\u0131 vb.) Etkileyecektir, b\u00f6ylece k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artar ve so\u011fuk k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k k\u00f6t\u00fcye gidiyor. Bu nedenle, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kaplar i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131sal \u00e7eli\u011fin karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fi genellikle 0.20%'nin alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011funda, bu t\u00fcr \u00e7eli\u011fin mukavemetindeki art\u0131\u015f esas olarak az miktarda \u00e7e\u015fitli ala\u015f\u0131m elementlerinin eklenmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r (toplam ekleme 5%'den az, genellikle 3%'den az, \u00e7o\u011funlukla 1% - 2%). Ferrit perlit yap\u0131ya sahip d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131sal \u00e7elik i\u00e7in, ala\u015f\u0131m elementleri eklemenin g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00fczerindeki etkileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir: <\/p>

Rite ferritin ayn\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zelti g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmesi; <\/p>

Pearl g\u00f6reli perlit miktar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131;<\/p>

Size tane b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kontrol\u00fc; <\/p>

Pearl perlitin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen;<\/p>

\u2464 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f sertle\u015fmesi.<\/p>

Manganez ve silikonun her ikisi de \u00f6nemli \u00e7\u00f6zelti g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme etkisine sahip olan ferritte kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Di\u011fer elementler krom, nikel, bak\u0131r, kobalt vb. \u0130\u00e7erir. Maliyet tasarrufu ve kaynak tasarrufu ko\u015fullar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, manganez ve silikon, \u00c7in'de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elikte yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan ala\u015f\u0131m elementleridir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbon ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, manganez i\u00e7eri\u011fi 1.8%'den az oldu\u011funda, sadece \u00e7eli\u011fin mukavemeti artt\u0131r\u0131lmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda plastisite ve tokluk da korunabilir. Buna ek olarak, manganez ostenit b\u00f6lgesini b\u00fcy\u00fctebilir ve \u00e7eli\u011fin \u00f6tektoid noktas\u0131n\u0131 sola ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya hareket ettirebilir, b\u00f6ylece daha ince yap\u0131ya sahip daha fazla perlit yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip olur ve \u00e7eli\u011fin g\u00fcc\u00fc buna g\u00f6re artar.<\/p>

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131sal \u00e7elikteki silikon i\u00e7eri\u011fi genellikle 0.2% - 1.7% aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r, bu da toklu\u011fu azaltacakt\u0131r. Krom ve nikel de ferritin kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zelti g\u00fc\u00e7lendirici elementleridir ve nikelin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k toklu\u011funu iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in iyi bir etkisi vard\u0131r; fosfor g\u00fc\u00e7lendirici ferrit \u00f6nemli bir etkiye sahiptir, ancak so\u011fuk k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131 nedeniyle, maksimum i\u00e7erik 0.15% ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve toplam fosfor ve karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fi 0.25%'den az ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

uygulama<\/h2>

Ulusal standarda (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 y\u00fcksek mukavemetli yap\u0131sal \u00e7elik) (GB 1591) g\u00f6re, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 y\u00fcksek mukavemetli yap\u0131sal \u00e7eli\u011fin her s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kimyasal bile\u015fimi ve mekanik \u00f6zellikleri belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ala\u015f\u0131m elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirici etkisi nedeniyle, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131sal \u00e7elik sadece daha y\u00fcksek mukavemete sahip olmakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda daha iyi plastisite, tokluk ve kaynaklanabilirli\u011fe sahiptir. Q345 \u00e7elik iyi bir kapsaml\u0131 performansa sahiptir ve \u00e7elik yap\u0131n\u0131n ortak bir markas\u0131d\u0131r. Q390 kalite de \u00f6nerilen bir markad\u0131r. Karbon yap\u0131sal \u00e7elik Q235 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 y\u00fcksek mukavemetli yap\u0131sal \u00e7elik, 20% ~ 30% \u00e7elikten tasarruf edebilir ve iyi dinamik y\u00fck ve yorulma direncine sahiptir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131sal \u00e7elik esas olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, \u00e7elik levhalar\u0131, \u00e7elik borular\u0131 ve \u00e7elik \u00e7ubuklar\u0131 haddelemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7elik yap\u0131larda ve betonarme yap\u0131larda, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u011f\u0131r hizmet yap\u0131lar\u0131nda, uzun a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131larda, y\u00fcksek katl\u0131 yap\u0131larda ve k\u00f6pr\u00fc projelerinde, dinamik ve darbe y\u00fckleri ta\u015f\u0131yan yap\u0131larda vb.<\/p>

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131sal \u00e7elik, bir t\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu yap\u0131sal \u00e7eliktir. Ala\u015f\u0131m elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi, esas olarak tah\u0131llar\u0131 rafine etmek ve mukavemeti artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan 3%'den daha azd\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr \u00e7eli\u011fin mukavemeti, ayn\u0131 karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahip karbon \u00e7eli\u011finden \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksektir, bu nedenle genellikle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 y\u00fcksek mukavemetli \u00e7elik denir. Ayr\u0131ca iyi tokluk, esneklik, kaynaklanabilirlik ve korozyon direncine sahiptir. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta k\u00f6pr\u00fclerde, ta\u015f\u0131tlarda, gemilerde ve di\u011fer end\u00fcstrilerde kullan\u0131lan uygulama alan\u0131 kazanlara, y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kaplara, petrol borular\u0131na, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7elik yap\u0131lara, otomobillere, trakt\u00f6rlere, hafriyat makinelerine ve di\u011fer \u00fcr\u00fcnlere kadar geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Low alloy structural steel refers to the alloy structural steel with total alloy composition less than 5%. The carbon content of this kind of steel is similar to that of low carbon steel, and it is mainly strengthened by a small amount of alloy elements to improve toughness and weldability. Its strength is much higher…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13866,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-materials-weekly"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\u56fe\u72474.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18368","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18368"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18368\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}