{"id":1716,"date":"2019-05-22T02:47:44","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T02:47:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/single-post-take-you-into-the-world-of-bio-3d-printing\/"},"modified":"2020-05-04T13:12:05","modified_gmt":"2020-05-04T13:12:05","slug":"take-you-into-the-world-of-bio-3d-printing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ae%d8%b0%d9%83-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ab%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vgblk-rw-wrapper limit-wrapper\">\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_051f8f291c744b74b03b45228a6a33dcmv2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Three-dimensional printing (3DP), also known as additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping technology, free-forming technology, etc., is based on the principle of discrete-stacking, using computer-assisted layering and superposition molding techniques. Material is added layer by layer to form a 3D solid. Since the concept of 3D printing technology was first proposed by Charles W. Hull in 1986, 3D printing has penetrated into all walks of life and led innovation, resulting in global manufacturing due to its unique advantages in high precision, personalized manufacturing and complex shape construction. Industry change. Biological 3D printing is a cross-application of 3D printing technology in the field of biomedicine, which has important research significance and application prospects. 3D printing technology can be used to create standard models, as well as tailor-made surgical stents for patients. The patient&#8217;s bone defect is scanned by medical imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) or nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI) to obtain the desired stent model, which is then printed using a three-dimensional printer. This is difficult to achieve with traditional molding techniques. In recent years, 3D printing technology has been widely used in the medical field, including craniofacial transplantation, crown restoration, prosthetic devices, medical equipment, surgical models, organ printing, drug delivery models, bone tissue engineering stents, etc. [1]. 3D printing technology has attracted wide attention from researchers due to its tailorability, structural and pore controllability, and the ability to composite multiple materials. 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621.<\/div>\n<div>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636 polylactic (PLA) \u0648 polycaprolactone (PCL). Polycaprolactone \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f PCL \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631. Polycaprolactone \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. Polylactic acid \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636 polylactic \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0645\u0636 polylactic \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Ion et al [11] \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062a-\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a \/ \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0643 (AW \/ PLA) \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c\u064a. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 AW \/ PLA \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/div>\n<div>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 PLA \u0648 PCL \u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 (PPF) \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a DEF \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a. \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 PPF \u0625\u0644\u0649 DEF \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 Polyetherketone (PEEK) \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 350 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 PEEK \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c 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One of the problems lies in the limitations of the 3D printer&#8217;s own capabilities. Although its printing speed and printing accuracy have been greatly improved, in many cases it still cannot achieve the best level. Another major problem is the limitations of alternative biomaterials. Although many materials that can be printed have their own advantages, the materials used for transplantation must meet the requirements of physiological conditions and have a good response to the human body. In general, ideal orthopedic materials require the following characteristics: (1) printability, (2) biocompatibility, (3) excellent mechanical properties, (4) good degradability, and (5) by-products. Non-toxic and degradable, (6) good tissue biomimetic properties. Different types of printers have different material requirements, and these characteristics are sometimes difficult to fully satisfy. For example, in bone tissue engineering, on the one hand, a high-strength scaffold material is required to meet the growth and load of osteoblasts, but this also causes a problem of difficulty in scaffold degradation. Some soft materials with low strength are easy to print and are easily degraded, but they cannot be applied to load-bearing parts. In general, three-dimensionally printed pastes are used in the field of bone and cartilage repair due to their own hardness and natural bone proximity. Fundamentally, the choice of biomaterials is to balance their performance to achieve the desired material.<\/div>\n<div>\u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644 PLA \u0648 PCL. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628!<\/div>\n<div>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a<\/div>\n<div>[1] \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u060c \u0623\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0623. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 [J]. Nature Biotechnology\u060c 2014 \u060c 32 (8): 773-785.<\/div>\n<div>[2] Guvendiren M \u060c \u0648 Molde J \u060c \u0648 Soares RMD \u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f [J]. ACS Biomaterials Science &amp; Engineering \u060c 2016.<\/div>\n<div>[3] Vermeulen M \u060c Claessens T \u060c Van Der Smissen \u060c Van Holsbeke \u060c De Backer \u060c Van Ransbeeck \u060c Verdonck. \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 2013 \u060c 19 (5) \u060c 312-318.<\/div>\n<div>[4] Bertrand P\u060c Bayle F\u060c Combe C\u060c Goeuriot P\u060c Smurov I. \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d. \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. 2007 \u060c 254 (4) \u060c 989-992.<\/div>\n<div>[5] \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628. \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a [J]. Science\u060c 2012\u060c 338 (6109): 921-6.<\/div>\n<div>[6] Kang\u060c H.-W.\u061b \u0644\u064a \u060c SJ \u061b \u0643\u0648 \u060c IK \u061b \u0643\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627 \u060c \u0633\u064a \u061b \u064a\u0648 \u060c \u062c\u064a. \u0623\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u060c \u0623. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a. \u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. 2016 \u060c 34 (3) \u060c 312-319.<\/div>\n<div>[7] Xiaoyu Du\u060c Shengyang Fu\u060c Yufang Zhu. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628 \u060c 2018\u060c6: 4397-4412.<\/div>\n<div>[8] Fierz FC \u060c Beckmann F \u060c Huser M \u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e. \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c 2008 \u060c 29 (28) \u060c 3799-3806.<\/div>\n<div>[9] \u062c\u064a\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0648 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a \u060c \u0632\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0648 \u0634\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0642\u0648\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645. \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c 2018\u060c 14 (3) \uff1a 811-822<\/div>\n<div>[10] A.E. Jakus, A.L. Rutz, S.W. Jordan, A. Kannan, S.M. Mitchell, C. Yun, K.D. Koube, S.C. Yoo, H.E. Whiteley, C.P. Richter, R.D. Galiano, W.K. Hsu, S.R. Stock, E.L. Hsu, R.N. Shah, Hyperelastic &#8220;bone&#8221;: A highly versatile, growth factor-free, osteoregenerative, scalable, and surgically friendly biomaterial, Sci Transl Med, 2016, 8:358.<\/div>\n<div>[11] Ion Tcacencu \u060c Natacha Rodrigues \u060c Naif Alharbi \u060c Matthew Benning \u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl\u060c 2018 \u060c 90: 1-7.<\/div>\n<div>[12] Hoath S. D\u060c Vadillo D. C\u060c Harlen O.G\u060c McIlroy C\u060c Morrison N.F\u060c Hsiao W.K\u060c Tuladhar T.R\u060c Jung S\u060c Martin G. D\u060c Hutchings IM Inkjet printing of \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629. J. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. 2014\u060c 205.1-10.<\/div>\n<div>[13] Zhang\u060c JH\u061b \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648 \u060c SC \u061b \u062a\u0634\u0648 \u060c \u064a\u0641. \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0647 \u061b \u062a\u0634\u0648 \u060c \u0645. \u062a\u0627\u0648 \u060c \u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644 \u061b Zhang\u060c CQ \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631. 2014\u060c 10 (5) \u060c 2269-22281.<\/div>\n<div>[14] \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0634 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a \u060c \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u060c \u0634\u0627\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0643\u0631 \u060c \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0644. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 I-hyaluronan hybrid bioink \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u062f \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u060c 2018 \u060c 11 (1) \uff1a 015003.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- .vgblk-rw-wrapper --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Three-dimensional printing (3DP), also known as additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping technology, free-forming technology, etc., is based on the principle of discrete-stacking, using computer-assisted layering and superposition molding techniques. Material is added layer by layer to form a 3D solid. Since the concept of 3D printing technology was first proposed by Charles W. Hull in 1986,&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-materials-weekly"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1716"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1716\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}