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?????? ??? ????????: ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? 450 ~ 850 ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ???

(1) ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????

?. ????? ????? Cr23C6? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? Ti ? Nb ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????.

?. ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????.

??? ????? Cr23C6 ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????????.

?. ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? 600-1000 ???? ????? ??? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? (??? ???? ??? ??????? ????????). ???? ?? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???.

?. ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? (850-900 ???? ?????) ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

(2) ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????:

???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? Ti ?Nb ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? Cr23C6.

?. ????? ????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? 0.06%.

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?. ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? s ? P.

?. ??? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? δ ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? δ ????? ?????? ?? s ?P? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????.

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??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? 25-20 ???? ?????? ???????. ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???.

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?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????.

?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? (4-12%) ????? ?????? ???? ?????? (?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????) ?? ??????.

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??? ?? ???? ???? C ?s ?P ?Si ?Nb ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????. ?? ????? ???? NB ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????.

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??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? 5%. ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? 20% ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? (6-8%) ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????.

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